This study opens a dialogue between first and twenty-first century successes and failures in our urban relationship with water. This publication examines the archaeological evidence from three city blocks in Ostia, focusing on elements of the water systems identified by past excavations and within unpublished archival material. Inspired by the diversity of research approaches currently used to assess the sustainability of water in contemporary cities, this study presents the Roman Water Footprint, which diachronically assesses changes to all parts of a hydraulic system (supply, usage, drainage). At the same time, the Roman Water Footprint calculates socio-cultural expressions of water usage, and uses paleo-environmental data to highlight the dynamic natural presence of water. The use of the Roman Water Footprint offers a new look at the wider context of ancient water systems and how they changed over time. This study opens a dialogue between first and twenty-first century successes and failures in our urban relationship with water.
Acknowledgements
Preface
Ch1: Introduction
• 1.0: General Introduction
• 1.1: Literature Review on Roman Water Research
• 1.2: Water Research in Ostia
• 1.3: History of Excavation
• 1.4: Landscape
• 1.5: Urban Development of Ostia
• 1.6: Overview of Ostian Water Infrastructure
• 1.7: Data Collection
• 1.8: Insulae in Roman urbanism
• 1.9: Conclusion
Ch. 2: Theory and Methodology
• 2.0: Introduction
• 2.1: Water and Culture
• 2.2: Sustainability and its Application to Roman Urbanism
• 2.3 Methodology: The Roman Water Footprint
• 2.4: Indicators of the Roman Water Footprint
• 2.5: Conclusion
Ch. 3: Insula III, i
• 3.0: Introduction to insula III, i
• 3.1: Methodology
• 3.2: Water Footprints of insula III, i
• 3.3: III, i: Diachronic Analysis
• 3.4: insula III, i Conclusion
Ch. 4: Insula IV, ii
• 4.0: Introduction to insula IV, ii
• 4.1: Methodology
• 4.2: Water Footprints of insula IV, ii §
• 4.3: Diachronic Analysis
• 4.4: insula IV, ii Conclusion
Ch. 5: Insula V, ii
• 5.0: Introduction to Insula V, ii
• 5.1: Methodology
• 5.2: Water Footprints of insula V, ii
• 5.3: Diachronic Analysis
• 5.4: insula V, ii Conclusion
Ch. 6: Diachronic Discussion
• 6.0: Introduction
• 6.1: Roman Water Footprint #1 (4th century BC – AD 50) in insulae III, i; IV, ii; V, ii
• 6.2: Roman Water Footprint #2 (AD 50-200) in insulae III, i; IV, ii; V, ii
• 6.3: Roman Water Footprint #3 (AD 200-300) in insulae III, i; IV, ii; V, ii
• 6.4: Roman Water Footprint #4 (AD 300-600) in insulae III, i; IV, ii; V, ii
• 6.5: Total Hydraulic Histories of insulae III, i; IV, ii; V, ii
Ch. 7- Conclusion
Appendices
• Appendix 1: Definitions of Hydraulic Terms
• Appendix 2: Epigraphic Evidence
• Appendix 3: Roman Water Footprint Data
Bibliography
