The proclamation of Jihad by the Sultan-Caliph in Constantinople, after the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I, made the headlines. This book investigates the background and nature of the Ottoman Jihad proclamation in addition to its effects in the wider Middle East - both among the Arabs and the Turks, and among Sunni Muslims as well as Shi'ites. It brings to light the German hopes for and British fears of a worldwide uprising of Muslims in the colonial empires at that time. Moreover, it scrutinises the fierce academic debates caused by the Jihad proclamation, in which the 1915 manifesto of Leiden Islam scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje ("Holy War Made in Germany") played a key role.
List of Figures
Preface
Introduction: The Ottoman Jihad, the German Jihad and the Sacralization of War
Erik-Jan Zürcher
1 Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, "Holy War" and Colonial Concerns
Léon Buskens
2 The Ottoman Proclamation of Jihad
Mustafa Aksakal
3 (Not) Using Political Islam: The German Empire and its Failed Propaganda Campaign in the Near and Middle East, 1914–1918 and Beyond
Tilman Lüdke
4 Domestic Aspects of Ottoman Jihad: The Role of Religious Motifs and Religious Agents in the Mobilization of the Ottoman Army
Mehmet Be.ikçi
5 Ottoman Jihad or Jihads: The Ottoman Sh... Jihad, the Successful One
M. .ükrü Hanio.lu
6 Propaganda or Culture War: Jihad, Islam, and Nationalism in Turkish Literature during World War i
Erol Köro.lu
7 Gendering Jihad: Ottoman Muslim Women and War during the Early Twentieth Century
Nicole van Os
8 Architectural Jihad: The "Halbmondlager" Mosque of Wünsdorf as an Instrument of Propaganda
Martin Gussone
9 War, Propaganda and Architecture: Cemal Pasha's Restoration of Islamic Architecture in
Damascus during World War i
Hans Theunissen
10 The Man Who Would Be Caliph: Shar.fian Propaganda in World War i
Joshua Teitelbaum
11 A German "Illusive Love": Rash.d Ri¿ d.'s Perceptions of the First World War in the Muslim World
Umar Ryad
12 John Buchan's British-Designed Jihad in Greenmantle
Ahmed K. al-Rawi
List of Contributors
Index
