A History of Ukraine

Preface
Preface to the First Edition
List of Tables
List of Maps

Part One: Introduction and Pre-Kievan Times

1 Ukraine's Geographic and Ethnolinguistic Setting

Territory and geography
Climate
Natural resources
Administrative and ethnolinguistic divisions
Population
Nomenclature

2 Historical Perceptions

The Russian historical viewpoint
What is eastern Europe?
The Polish historical viewpoint
The Ukrainian historical viewpoint
Kostomarov on Ukrainians, Russians, and Poles
The Soviet historical viewpoint

3 The Steppe Hinterland and the Black Sea Cities

The steppe hinterland
Trypillians and Ukrainians
Nomadic civilizations on Ukrainian territory
The nomads of the steppe hinterland
The Greeks of the coastal region
The Pax Scythica, the Sarmatians, and the Pax Romana
Scythian customs
The Byzantines and the Khazars

4 The Slavs and the Khazars

The origins of the Slavs
The original homeland of the Slavs
The migrations of the Slavs
The Antes
Archaeology in Ukraine
The Pax Chazarica
The Slavic tribes in the shadow of the Khazars

Part Two: The Kievan Period

5 The Rise of Kievan Rus'

The origin of Rus'
The great debate: The origin of Rus'
Europe in the ninth century
The Varangians in the east
The era of growth and expansion

6 Political Consolidation and Disintegration

Volodymyr the Great
The meaning of Rus'
Christianity and the baptism of Rus'
Christianity in Ukraine
Iaroslav the Wise
The Kievan system of political succession
The conference of Liubech and Volodymyr Monomakh
The era of disintegration

7 Socioeconomic and Cultural Developments

Demography and social structure
The ruling social strata
The social structure of Kievan Rus'
The subordinate social strata
Other social strata
The legal system
The economic order
The voyage from Kiev to Constantinople
Byzantine cultural influences
The Byzantine Empire and its attitude toward Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus' architecture
Kievan Rus' language and literature
What was the language of Kievan Rus' ?
The "Lay of Ihor's Campaign"

8 The Mongols and the Transformation of Rus' Political Life

The rise of the Mongols
The Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
The Golden Horde
The Pax Mongolica and Italian merchants
Italianate Crimea and the Black Death

9 Galicia-Volhynia

Galicia and Volhynia before their unification
The unification of Galicia and Volhynia
The metropolitanate of Rus'
The demise of Galicia-Volhynia

Part Three: The Lithuanian-Polish-Crimean Period

10 Lithuania and the Union with Poland

The consolidation of the Lithuanian state
The Polish-Lithuanian connection
Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian union

11 Socioeconomic Developments

Lithuania's social structure
Social estates in Lithuania and Poland
Lithuania's administrative structure
Poland's social and administrative structure
Peasants, nobles, and Jews
The manorial estate
The coming of Jews to Ukraine
The realignment of international trade patterns
Poland's economic and cultural revival

12 The Orthodox Cultural Revival

The Metropolitanate of Kiev
The Metropolitanate of Kiev and All Rus'
The monastic movement
The role of townspeople and magnates
Ľviv's Stauropegial Brotherhood

13 Reformation, Counter Reformation, and the Union of Brest

The Protestant Reformation
The Counter Reformation and Orthodox Ukraine
The Union of Brest
The views of Prince Kostiantyn Ostroz'kyi
The Union of Brest

14 The Tatars and the Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate
Crimean socioeconomic life
The Karaites
The Nogay Tatars and slavery
Was Ottoman and Crimean slavery all that bad?

15 The Cossacks and Ukraine

The steppe
The name 'Ukraine'
The rise of the Cossacks
The Cossacks of Zaporozhia
The Cossacks in Polish society
Social estates in sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Ukraine
A male-dominated society?
The international role of the Cossacks
The Cossacks and Orthodoxy
Orthodox versus Uniate
The calm before the storm

Part Four: The Cossack State, 1648-1711

16 Khmeľnyts'kyi and the Uprising of 1648

Khmeľnyts'kyi's early career
The uprising of 1648
Khmeľnyts'kyi and the Jews
Khmeľnyts'kyi as a national leader

17 Muscovy and the Agreement of Pereiaslav

The rise of Muscovy
Muscovy, Poland, and Ukraine
Khmeľnyts'kyi and Pereiaslav
The Agreement of Pereiaslav

18 The Period of Ruin

Changing international alliances
The Cossack turn toward Poland
The Union of Hadiach
Anarchy, ruin, and the division of Ukraine

19 The Structure of the Cossack State

Registered and unregistered Cossacks
Internal administration
What to call the Cossack state?
The Cossack state administration
International status

20 Mazepa and the Great Northern War

The image of Mazepa
The rise of Mazepa
Mazepa as hetman: The early phase
Mazepa during the Great Northern War
Mazepa's defection
Mazepa and Ukraine after Poltava

21 Socioeconomic and Cultural Developments in the Cossack State

Social structure
Social estates in the Cossack state
Economic developments
Church and state
Cultural developments
The transformation of Ukraine after 1648

Part Five: Ukrainian Lands in the Eighteenth Century

22 Ukraine's Autonomy and the Russian Empire

Muscovy becomes the Russian Empire
Sloboda Ukraine
Zaporozhia
The Hetmanate
The Crimean Khanate
Transformation under Russian rule

23 Socioeconomic Developments

The changing social structure
Economic developments
International trade and commerce

24 Religious and Cultural Developments

The integration of the Orthodox church
Education
Architecture and painting
Literature and history writing

25 The Right Bank and Western Ukraine

The return of Polish rule in the Right Bank
Social protest and the haidamak revolts
Uman' as a symbol for Ukrainians, Poles, and Jews
The Partitions of Poland

Part Six: Ukrainian lands in the Russian Empire

26 Administrative and Political Developments in Dnieper Ukraine

Territorial divisions
Administrative structure
Administrative structure in Dnieper Ukraine before the 1860s
Administrative structure in Dnieper Ukraine after the 1860s
The evolution of the Russian Empire, 1814-1914

27 Socioeconomic Developments in Dnieper Ukraine

Social estates before the 1860s
Social estates in Dnieper Ukraine
The reforms of the 1860s
Economic developments

28 The Peoples of Dnieper Ukraine

The Russians
The Poles
What Ukraine means for Poland
The Jews
Memories of the 'shtetľ
Pogroms
The Germans and Mennonites
The Crimean Tatars
The Romanians
Other peoples

29 The Ukrainian National Awakening in Dnieper Ukraine before the 1860s

The idea of nationalism
What is a nationality?
The phenomenon of multiple loyalties
The early histories of Ukraine
The belief in mutually exclusive identities

30 The Ukrainian National Movement in Dnieper Ukraine after the Era of Reforms

The Right Bank and the 'khlopomany' movement
Ukrainianism in St Petersburg and the renewal of the organizational stage
Russian reaction to the Ukrainian movement
The Valuev decree
Schools in Dnieper Ukraine
The Ems Ukase
The church in Dnieper Ukraine
The return to the heritage-gathering stage
The beginnings of the political stage

Part Seven: Ukrainian lands in the Austrian Empire

31 The Administrative and Social Structure of Ukrainian Lands in the Austrian Empire before 1848

Austria acquires Ukrainian lands
The structure of the Austrian Empire
The demographic and administrative status of Galicia and Bukovina
The economic status of Galicia before 1848
Other peoples in eastern Galicia

32 The Ukrainian National Awakening in the Austrian Empire before 1848

The Austrian government and the Ukrainian national awakening
The heritage-gathering stage in Galicia
Bukovina and Transcarpathia before 1848

33 The Revolution of 1848

The revolution in Austria
The revolution in Galicia and the Ukrainians
The Supreme Ruthenian Council
The national movement in Galicia and the beginning of the organizational stage
The revolution of 1848 in Bukovina and Transcarpathia

34 The Administrative and Socioeconomic Structure of Ukrainian Lands in the Austrian Empire, 1849- 1914

Administrative structure
International developments and Austria's internal politics
Austria's parliamentary structure
Social structure and economic developments
The problem of statistics
The Ukrainian diaspora
Other peoples in eastern Galicia and Bukovina
Ukraine's other diasporas

35 The Ukrainian National Movement in Austria-Hungary, 1849-1914

In search of a national identity
Old Ruthenians, Russophiles, and Ukrainophiles
Language as the symbol of identity
The national movement in Galicia: The organizational stage
The national movement in Galicia: The political stage
Independence for Ukraine
At the bottom of the pecking order
The national movement in Bukovina
The national movement in Transcarpathia

Part Eight: World War I and the Struggle for Independence

36 World War I and Western Ukraine

The outbreak of World War I
The Russians in Galicia and Bukovina
Ukrainian political activity in Vienna

37 Revolutions in the Russian Empire

Russia's first revolution of 1917
Revolution in Dnieper Ukraine
The Central Rada
First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada
The Bolshevik Revolution
Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Preamble)
The Ukrainian National Republic
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

38 The Period of the Hetmanate

The establishment of the Hetmanate
Authoritarian in form, Ukrainian in content
The fall of the Hetmanate

39 The Directory, Civil War, and the Bolsheviks

The Directory of the Ukrainian National Republic
The Bolsheviks
The peasant revolution
The White Russians
The Allied Powers
The West Ukrainian National Republic and Dnieper Ukraine
Poland and Dnieper Ukraine

40 The revolutionary era and Dnieper Ukraine's other peoples

The Jews
Petliura and the pogroms
The Russians
The Poles
The Germans and Mennonites
Mennonites caught in the revolution
The Czechs
The Crimean Tatars

41 The West Ukrainian National Republic

Austria's Ukrainians prepare for their postwar future
West Ukrainian independence and war
The West Ukrainian government-in-exile
Bukovina and Transcarpathia
The Ukrainian revolution: Success or failure?

Part Nine: The Interwar Years

42 The Postwar Treaties and the Reconfiguration of Ukrainian Lands

The Paris Peace Conference
Soviet Ukraine and the Soviet Union
Treaty of Union between the Russian SFSR and the Ukrainian SSR

43 Soviet Ukraine: The Struggle for Autonomy

The government of Soviet Ukraine
The Communist party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine
The policy of Ukrainianization
Communism and the nationality question
Ukrainianization, the governing elite, and demographic change
Ukrainianization
Ukrainianization and the return of the émigrés
Ukrainianization in education
Ukrainianization in the arts
Religion
Ukrainianization in the era of transition

44 Soviet Ukraine: Economic, Political, and Cultural Integration

War communism and the New Economic Policy—NEP
NEP in Soviet Ukraine
The end of NEP
Central planning and industrialization
The collectivization of agriculture
Dekulakization and the Great Famine
Ukraine's Holocaust: The Great Famine of 1933
The apogee and the decline of Ukrainianization
The end of Ukrainianization
Purges and integration
The purges

45 Other Peoples in Soviet Ukraine

The Moldavian S.S.R. and the Moldovans in Soviet Ukraine
Nationality administration in the Soviet Union
The Russians
The Jews
The Poles
The Germans
The Crimean Tatars
The Greeks
The Bulgarians

46 Ukrainian Lands in Interwar Poland

The administrative status of Ukrainian-inhabited lands
The economic status of Ukrainian-inhabited lands
Poland's initial policies and Ukrainian reactions
The cooperative movement
Women and the Ukrainian national ethos
Ukrainian political parties, schools, and churches
Armed resistance and pacification

47 Ukrainian Lands in Interwar Romania and Czechoslovakia

Ukrainians in Romania
The Rusyns/Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia

Part Ten: World War II and the Postwar Years

48 The Coming of World War II

Germany and the 'new order' in Europe
Autonomy for Carpatho-Ukraine
The fall of Poland
The "reunification" of western Ukraine
The Generalgouvernement

49 World War II and Nazi German Rule

The German and Romanian invasions of Ukraine
Nazi rule in Ukraine
Nazi racial policies and the Holocaust
Thou shalt not kill
Nazi policies toward Ukrainians
Resistance to Nazi rule

50 Postwar Soviet Ukraine until the Death of Stalin

Wartime destruction and territorial expansion
Voluntary reunification, Ѕoviеt style
The minority question
Ethnic cleansing, Ѕoviеt style
Industrial and agricultural reconstruction
The nationality question
Western Ukraine

51 Post-Stalinist Soviet Ukraine

Ukraine under Khrushchev
The sixties phenomenon
Economic developments
The Brezhnev era—stability and st