Early Latin Theology

General Editors’ Preface, Robert M. Doran

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Part 1: The Notion of Sacrifice

Introduction to ‘The Notion of Sacrifice,’ michael g. shields

1 The Definition of Sacrifice

2 Justification of This Definition

3 The Propriety of Symbols

4 First Application of the Definition

5 A Second Application of the Definition

6 The Causes of Sacrifice

7 The Difference between the Sacrifice of the Cross and the Mass

8 The Value of This Inquiry

Part 2: The Supernatural Order

From the 1973 Introduction to ‘De ente supernaturali,’ Regis Edition, frederick e. crowe

[Introduction]

Thesis 1: There exists a created communication of the divine nature, which is a created, proportionate, and remote principle whereby there are operations in creatures through which they attain God as he is in himself.

Thesis 2: This created communication of the divine nature exceeds the proportion not only of human nature but also of any finite substance, and thus is absolutely supernatural.

Thesis 3: Acts, not only of the theological virtues but of other virtues as well, inasmuch as they are elicited in the rational part of a person and in accordance with one’s Christian duty, are specified by a supernatural formal object, and therefore are absolutely supernatural as to their substance and are so by reason of their formal object.

Excursus 1: Degrees among the supernatural acts themselves

Excursus 2: A note on purely entitative supernaturality

Thesis 4: Potency to the absolutely supernatural is obediential.

Excursus 1: On the natural desire to see God through his essence

Excursus 2: Supernatural acts as vital acts

Excursus 3: Divine concurrence

Excursus 4: The efficacy of divine concurrence

Thesis 5: Interior actual grace essentially consists in vital, principal, and supernatural second acts of the intellect and the will.

Part 3: God’s Knowledge and Will

From the 1973 Introduction to ‘De scientia atque voluntate Dei,’ Regis Edition, frederick e. crowe

1 The Aim of This Treatise

2 The Nature of Metaphysical Analysis

3 The Comparison between Eternal and Temporal Being

4 Immanent Contingent Operation

5 Action and Passion

6 Necessary and Contingent Being

7 Contingent Future Realities

8 Divine Transcendence

9 Principles of Priority and Simultaneity

10 God’s Knowledge

11 The Various Roots of Middle Knowledge

12 Order

13 The Meaning of Good and End

14 Evil

15 God’s Will

16 God’s Love

17 Efficient Causality

18 God’s Action

19 Other Opinions about God’s Action

20 Can God Be Accountable for the Formal Element of Sin?

21 God’s Antecedent Will

22 Other Conceptions of God’s Antecedent Will

23 Why God Allows Culpable Evil

24 Conceptual Designations in God (Signa Rationis)

25 Predestination and Reprobation

26 Objections

27 A Brief Summary of Principles

Part 4: Analysis of Faith

From the 1973 Introduction to ‘Analysis Fidei,’ Regis Edition, frederick e. crowe

1 The Logical Process

2 The Psychological Process

3 The Reflective Act of Understanding

4 In the Psychological Faith Process the Reflective Act of Understanding Is

Pivotal

5 Difference between the Logical and the Psychological Process

6 Constraint of the Intellect and Rationalization

7 What Is the Analysis of Faith?

8 A Brief Overview

9 The Motive of Faith as Acquired

10 The Supernatural Formal Object

11 Those Who Believe Properly Attain a Supernatural Formal Object

12 An Alternative Explanation of the Above

13 Acts Which Immediately Precede Faith

14 Acts Which Remotely Precede Faith

15 The Grace of Conversion to Faith

16 The Properties of Faith

17 The Necessity of Faith

18 The Necessity of the Preambles of Faith

19 The Faith of Heretics, of Demons, and of Those Who Have Knowledge

20 The Meaning of ‘Right Reason Demonstrates the Truth of Faith’

Opinions

Page on the Necessity for the Preambles

Part 5: The Notion of Fittingness: The Application of Theological Method

to the Question of the Purpose of the Incarnation

1 The Notion of Fittingness

2 The Root of Fittingness

3 The Excellence of Order

4 The Conceptually Distinguished Formalities

5 The Fittingness of the Incarnation

6 The Necessity of the Incarnation

7 The Purpose of the Incarnation

Part 6: The Consciousness of Christ

From ‘Note on the Context of De conscientia Christi,’ frederick e. crowe

The Consciousness of Christ

Part 7: Supplementary Notes on Sanctifying Grace

Introductory Comments to ‘Supplementary Notes on Sanctifying Grace’

[1 Historical Sketch]

[1.1] Habitual Grace: Preliminary Notes

[1.2] The Nominalists

[1.3] The Sixteenth-Century Reformers

[1.4] The Way of Proceeding

[1.5] The Notion of Justice

2 The Positive Doctrine of Sacred Scripture

[Thesis 1:] To those whom God the Father loves [1] as he loves Jesus, his only-begotten Son, (2) he gives the uncreated gift of the Holy Spirit, so that (3) into a new life they may be (4) born again and (5) become living members of Christ; therefore as (6) just, (7) friends of God, (8) adopted children of God, and (9) heirs in hope of eternal life, (10) they enter into a sharing in the divine nature.

3 Understanding the Faith

3.1 Sanctifying Grace: The Problem

[3.2] Preliminary Notes on the Nature of Sanctifying Grace: Notions

[3.2.1] Formal Cause and Formal Effects

[3.2.2] Divine Love

[Theorem 1:] All divine love as an effective principle is predicated essentially and thus equally of the three divine Persons.

Corollary [to Theorem 1:] Absolutely all grace, inasmuch as it is related to divine love as its effective principle, by that very fact is related not to notional but to essential divine love.

[Theorem 2:] Not everything that is stated contingently about the divine persons is stated by appropriation.

[3.2.3] The Ontological Foundation of Grace

[3.3] The Immanent Formal Effects of Sanctifying Grace

[3.4] The Transcendent Formal Effects of Sanctifying Grace

[3.5] Corollaries

Appendices

Appendix 1: ‘The Notion of Sacrifice’: Three Drafts on Theological Method in Connection with the Idea of Sacrifice

Appendix 2: ‘God’s Knowledge and Will’

Editors’ Introduction

Appendix 2A

Appendix 2B

Index

LATIN TEXT

Pars 1: De Notione Sacrificii

1 Definitio Sacrificii

2 Definitionis Iustificatio

3 De Proprietate Symboli

4 Prima Definitionis Applicatio

5 Altera Definitionis Applicatio

6 De Causis Sacrificii

7 De Differentia Sacrificiorum Crucis et Missae

8 De Valore Peractae Inquisitionis

Pars 2: De Ente Supernaturali: Supplementum Schematicum

[Introductio]

Thesis I: Exsistit creata communicatio divinae naturae, seu principium creatum, proportionatum, et remotum quo creaturae insunt operationes quibus attingitur Deus uti in se est.

Thesis II: Haec creata divinae naturae communicatio non solum naturae humanae sed etiam cuiuslibet finitae substantiae proportionem excedit ideoque est supernaturalis simpliciter.

Thesis III:Quia actus non solum virtutum theologicarum sed etiam aliarum virtutum, inquantum in parte rationali et sicut oportet a Christiano eliciuntur, ab obiecto formali supernaturali specificantur, ideo simpliciter supernaturales sunt quoad substantiam et quidem ratione obiecti formalis.

Scholion I: De gradibus intra ipsos actus supernaturales

Scholion II: De supernaturalitate mere entitative

Thesis IV: Potentia ad supernaturalia simpliciter est obedientialis.

Scholion I: De naturali desiderio videndi Deum per essentiam

Scholion II: De actibus supernaturalibus qua vitalibus

Scholion III: De concursu divino

Scholion IV: De efficacia concursus divini

Thesis V: Gratia actualis interna essentialiter consistit in actibus secundis intellectus et voluntatis vitalibus, principalibus, et supernaturalibus.

Pars 3: De Scientia atque Voluntate Dei

1 De Fine Huius Operis

2 De Natura Analysis Metaphysicae

3 De Comparationis Entis Aeterni et Temporalis

4 Operatio Immanens et Contingens

5 De Actione et Passione

6 De Necessario et Contingente

7 De Futuris Contingentibus

8 De Transcendentia Divina

9 Principia Prioritatis et Simultaneitatis

10 De Scientia Dei

11 De Diversis Radicibus Scientiae Mediae

12 De Ordine

13 De Bono et Fine

14 De Malo

15 De Divina Voluntate

16 De Amore Divino

17 De Causa Efficiente

18 De Actione Divina

19 De Divina Actione Sententiae Aliae

20 Utrum Formale Peccati in Deum Reduci Possit

21 De Voluntate Dei Antecedente

22 Voluntatis Antecendentis Conceptiones Aliae

23 Cur Deus Malum Culpae Permittat

24 De Signis Rationis

25 De Praedestinatione et Reprobatione

26 Obiectiones

27 Principiorum Summula

Appendix 1

Pars 4: Analysis Fidei

1 Processus Logicus

2 Processus Psychologicus

3 Quid Sit Actus Intelligendi Reflexus

4 Quod in Processu Fidei Psychologico Cardo Est Actus Intelligendi Reflexus

5 Quantum Differunt Processus Logicus et Psychologicus

6 Quid Sit Coactio Intellectus et Quid Rationalizatio

7 Quid Sit Analysis Fidei

8 Brevis Conspectus

9 Motivum Fidei in Facto Fsse

10 De Obiecto Formali Supernaturali

11 Quod Qui Credit Sicut Oportet Obiectum Formale Supernaturale Attingit

12 Quod Iterum Aliter Ponitur

13 De Actibus Qui Proxime Fidem Antecedunt

14 De Actibus Qui Remote Fidem Antecedunt

15 De Gratia Conversionis ad Fidem

16 De Proprietatibus Fidei

17 De Necessitate Fidei

18 De Necessitate Praeambulorum

19 Circa Fidem in Haereticis, Diabolis, et Scientibus

20 Circa Illud, ‘Recta Ratio Fidei Veritatem Demonstrat’

Opiniones

Pars 5: De Ratione Convenientiae: Methodus Theologica ad Finem Incarnationis Applicata

1 Quid Sit Convenientia

2 De Radice Convenientiae

3 De Excellentia Ordinis/

4 De Signis Rationis

5 De Convenientia Incarnationis

6 De Necessitate Incarnationis

7 Circa Finem Incarnationis

Pars 6: De Conscientia Christi

Pars 7: De Gratia Sanctificante. Supplementum

[1 Adlineamenta historica]

[1.1] De gratia habituali. Initia

[1.2] Nominales

[1.3] Novatores saec. xvi

[1.4] Modus procedendi

[1.5] De notione iustitiae

2 Positiva Sacrae Scripturae Doctrina

[Thesis I:] Quos diligit Deus Pater (1) sicut Iesum Filium suum unigenitum diligit, (2) dono eos increato ipsius Spiritus sancti donat, ut (3) in novam vitam (4) renati (5) viva Christi membra efficiantur; quare (6) iusti, (7) Deo amici, (8) filii Dei adoptivi, et (9) haeredes secundum spem vitae aeternae, (10) consortium divinae naturae ineunt.

3 Intelligentia Fidei

3.1 Gratia Sanctificans: Problema

[3.2] De Natura Gratiae Sanctificantis: Praenotamina

[3.2.1] De causa Formali et Effectibus Formalibus

[3.2.2] De Amore Divino

[Theorema I:] Essentialiter et ideo pariter de tribus personis dicitur omnis amor divinus inquantum est principium effectivum.

Corollarium: Omnis prorsus gratia, inquantum respicit amorem divinum ut principium effectivum, eo ipso respicit amorem non notionalem sed essentialem.

[Theorema II:] Non omnia quae contingenter de divinis personis dicuntur, per appropriationem dicuntur.

[3.2.3] De Fundamento Gratiae Ontologico

[3.3] Secundum effectus formales et immanentes

[3.4] Secundum effectus formales et transcendentales

[3.5] Corollaria

Appendix IIa