List of Illustrations and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations xvii
I. Introduction: Imperialism, Colonialism, and China 1
Part I: Opium Wars and Treaties of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce 29
2. The Arrow War, 1856-1860 31
3. Violence and the Rule of Law in China, 1856-1858 49
4. Beijing 1860: Loot, Prize, and a Solemn Act of Retribution 74
Part II: Reterritorializing China, 1861-1900 119
5. Constructing a New Order 123
6. The Qing Empire in the Era of European Global Hegemony 156
Part III: Making China Perfectly Equal 185
7. A Reign of Terror: Punishment and Retribution in Beijing and Its Environs 195
8. Desacralizing Qing Sovereignty, 1900-1901 241
9. Mnemonic Devices: Memorializing the West as Victim and Hero 282
10. The Return of the Repressed, Recirculations, and Chinese Patriotism 315
Postscript 346
Bibliography 351
Index 375