Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
Influences
1. Jean Piaget: The Psychologist as Renaissance Man 7
The Philosopher’s Shadow 9
2. Jerome Seymour Bruner: Cognitive Psychology Enters the Educational Arena 10
References 14
3. Project Zero: Nelson Goodman’s Legacy in Arts Education 15
What of Goodman’s Legacy to Project Zero? 20
References 21
4. Norman Geschwind as a Creative Scientist 22
References 25
Early Work
5. Piaget and Lévi-Strauss: The Quest for Mind 29
References 41
6. From Mode to Symbol: Thoughts on the Genesis of the Arts 42
References 50
7. Note on Selective Imitation by a 6-Week-Old Infant 53
Judith Gardner and Howard Gardner
Reference 54
8. Children’s Sensitivity to Painting Styles 55
Developmental Psychology
9. Style Sensitivity in Children 59
Style Detection in the Adult 63
Problems 66
Relation to Cognition 67
References 68
10. The Development of Metaphoric Understanding 69
Ellen Winner, Anne K. Rosenstiel, and Howard Gardner
Reference 71
11. First Intimations of Artistry 72
Howard Gardner and Ellen Winner
The Enigma of Early Artistic Production 72
Early Metaphors 74
First Drawings 78
Patterns of Development in Literary and Graphic Realms 81
Portraying the Skills of the Young Child: A First Draft of Artistry 82
Two Facets of Artistry 86
References 88
12. Developmental Psychology After Piaget: An Approach in Terms of Symbolization 89
Introduction: The Piagetian Enterprise 89
Critiques of the Piagetian Enterprise 90
Symbolization: A Starting Point 92
Relation to Other Lines of Inquiry 95
References 97
Introduction to the Study of Brain Damage
13. The Contribution of Operativity to Naming Capacity 103
Abstract 103
Discussion 103
14. Bee but Not Be: Oral Reading of Single Words in Aphasia and Alexia 105
Abstract 105
Findings 106
Reference 107
15. The Comprehension of Metaphor in Brain-Damaged Patients 108
Ellen Winner and Howard Gardner
Discussion 110
In Sum 111
Acknowledgment 112
Reference 112
16. The Stories of the Right Hemisphere: Missing the Point 113
The Stories of the Right Hemisphere 113
Introduction to Multiple Intelligences
17. In a Nutshell 121
What Constitutes an Intelligence? 123
The Original Set of Intelligences 124
Newly Identified Intelligences 130
The Unique Contributions of the Theory 132
Conclusion 134
References 134
18. A “Smart” Lexicon 135
References 137
19. Artistic Intelligences 138
Reference 142
20. Who Owns Intelligence? 143
References 151
Cognition
21. Definition and Scope of Cognitive Science 155
22. Scientific Psychology: Should We Bury It or Praise It? 157
The Emerging Disciplinary Topography 159
The Surviving Center 160
Whither Psychologists? 162
References 163
Heights of Cognition: Creativity
23. Seven Creators of the Modern Era 167
The Problem 167
Two Promising Approaches 168
A Preliminary Definition 169
A Research Program 170
Where Is Creativity? 171
The Person 173
The Domain 173
The Field 174
Tensions Across Nodes 174
Developmental Perspective 175
Features That Characterize Creative Individuals 176
References 178
24. Creativity: The View From Big C and the Introduction of Tiny c 179
Howard Gardner and Emily Weinstein
Background 179
The Twenty-First Century: Three Challenges 181
Emily 182
Toward “Tiny c” 184
References 186
Leadership
25. Leadership: An Overview 189
What Is a Leader? 189
A Study of Leaders 191
The Intelligences of a Leader 192
Leaders Take Risks, Defy Authority 193
Leaders Try and Fail . . . and Then Try Again, Quite Possibly With a Different Tack 194
A Leader and Authenticity 195
Indirect Leaders: Creative Minds 196
Three Lessons 197
Defeat Is an Opportunity 198
Reference 198
26. On Good Leadership: Reflections on Leading Minds After Three Decades 199
An Approach to Good Leadership 200
Reference 201
27. Changing Minds: 80/20 and Five Rs 202
Mental Representations: The 80/20 Principle 202
1. Reason 205
2. Research 205
3. Resonance 205
By the Way: Rhetoric 206
4. Representational Redescriptions (Redescriptions for Short) 206
5. Resources and Rewards 206
6. Real-World Events 207
7. Resistances 207
References 208
Positive Uses of Mind: Introduction to Good Work
28. Tanner Lecture #1: What Is Good Work? 213
References 224
29. Tanner Lecture #2: Achieving Good Work in Turbulent Times 225
References 234
The Professions
30. Compromised Work 237
31. The Lonely Profession 248
With Laura Horn
Evidence of Professional Identity 249
Professional Stance 250
Why Don’t They Identify With Philanthropy? 253
Lonely Work 257
32. In Defense of Disinterestedness in the Digital Era 262
Terminology 264
The Difference That a Half-Century Can Make 268
Enter the Digital Media 269
References 276
33. The Future of the Professions 277
Autobiographical Reflection 277
Introducing the Susskinds 279
A Question of Values 281
References 282
Minds of the Future
34. Five Minds for the Future: An Introduction 285
Disciplined 287
Synthesizing 288
Creating 288
Respectful and Ethical 289
Education in the Large 290
Reference 290
35. Musings About a Synthesizing Mind 291
An Aside 294
References 295
36. Some Further Reflections on the Synthesizing Mind 296
References 306
37. Why the App Generation? 307
Howard Gardner and Katie Davis
Enter Apps 308
References 310
Miscellanea
38. Human Potential: A Forty-Year Saga 313
References 319
39. Had I but World Enough and Time 320
The Synthesizing Mind 320
Good Work: The Ethical Perspective 321
Intelligences 322
Education From the Cradle on . . . in the Anthropocene 323
Gratitude 323
Original Publication List 325
Index 329
Permissions 337
About the Author 339
