Introduction--Philip F. Rehbock and Keith R. Benson
1. The Scripps Heritage
Scripps Benefactions: The Role of the Scripps Family in the Founding of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography--Deborah Day
Charles Kofoid's Role in Establishing the Scripps Institution of Oceanography--Fred Noel Spiess
Contexts for Constructing an Ocean Science: The Career of Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1888-1957)--Robert Marc Friedman
2. Pacific Remembrances
The Sverdrup Years: A Personal Recollection--Walter H. Munk
Deep Sea Drilling: Lessons Learned--William A. Nierenberg
The NORPAC Expedition--Joseph L. Reid
The Development of Research Vessel Design--George G. Shor, Jr.
Reflections on My Knowledge in the Indo-Pacific--Klaus Wyrtki
3. Myth and Natural Knowledge of the Sea
Sea Monsters: Myth or Genuine Relic of the Past--Sherrie Lyons
Suggestions for Study of the Native Knowledge of Marine Animals in the Eastern Carolina Islands--Alan Eugene Davis
4. Exploration: The Pacific and Beyond
The Western Boundary Current in the Pacific: The Development of Our Oceanographic Knowledge--Joyce E. Jones and Ian S. F. Jones
Russian Oceanographic Investigations of the Pacific Ocean: History and Some Results--Arkady V. Alekseev and Igor D. Rostov
Research Vessel Vityaz: A Contribution to Oceanographic Science in the Past and Present--Svetlana G. Sivkova
Germania in Pacifico: Humboldt, Chamisso and Other Early German Contributors to Pacific Research, 1741-1876--Gerhard Kortum
The Aspirations of Alfred Merz, Georg Wust, and Albert Defant: From Berlin to Pacific Oceanography--Walter Lenz
Some Aspects of Early Twentieth-Century Oceanography: The German Antarctic Expedition--Maurice M. Raraty
Early Exploratory Voyages and Antarctic Expeditions: The Argentine Perspective--Ramiro P. Sanchez
History of Marine Science in Chile--Tarsicio Antezana and Nibaldo Bahamonde
The History of Oceanography along the Mexican Pacific Coast--Richard A. Schwartzlose and Saul Alvarez-Borrego
The Oceanographic Work of Captain Scott's Discovery, 1901-31--Ann Savours
Investigations of the Humboldt Current following a Long Series of Misadventures: The Voyage of the William Scoresby, 1931--Roalind Rolf and Gunther Marsden
The Danish Dana Expedition, 1928-30: Purpose and Accomplishments, Mainly in the Indo-Pacific--Torben Wolff
Italian Contributions to the Knowledge of the Southeast Pacific Ocean--Noberto della Croce
Deep-Sea Plankton Exploration in Historical Perspective--Baruch Kimor
The Educational Mission of Marine Sciences: A Case Study of East Africa, the Early Initiatives, 1930-80--Selim Morcos
School and Popular Marine Science Education in the United Kingdom--J. Malcolm Walker
5. Pioneers of Ocean Science
Anders Sparrman, 1748-1820--David Dyrssen
The Discovery of the Deep-Sea Atlantic Fauna--Luiz Saldanha
George Wallace Melville: His Influence Through Polor Exploration and Marine Engineering--A. Aristides Yayanos
Claude Zobell, Hadal Bacteria, and the "Azoic Zone"--Donald J. McGraw
The Pioneers of Oceanographic Research in Romania--G. Serpoinau and V. Malciu
Romanian Developmental Contributions of Emil Racovitza and Grigore Antipa to the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean--Alexandru S. Bologa and Alexandru Marinescu
Four Centuries of Physical Oceanography in Croatia--Mirko Orlic
6. North American Oceanography and Marine Biology
Four Men and an Albatross: The Growth of American Oceanography, 1882-1921--Larry T. Spencer
Marine Biology or Oceanography: Early American Developments in Marine Science on the West Coast--Keith R. Benson
Pacific Waters and the POG: The Origin of Physical Oceanography on the West Coast of Canada--Eric L. Mills
The Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions (1931-1962) and Their Contributions to Marine Biology--Anwar Abdel Aleem
Selling Bellevue: The Emergence of American Naval Oceanography--Gary E. Weir
Marine Biology/Biological Oceanography and the Federal Patrol: The NSF Initiative in Biological Oceanography in the 1960s--Toby A. Appel
Challenges and Opportunities in Naval Oceanography in the Post Cold War World--Timothy Coffey
Oceanography: The Next Fifty Years--John A. Knauss
7. Technique and Technology
Swedish Oceanographic Instruments up to 1950--Artur Svansson
The History of Chemical Determinations of Salinity--William J. Wallace
Early Attempts at Dermination of the Salinity of Seawater from Measurement of Its Electric Conductivity--Jens Smed
The History of Chemical Oceanography in Australian Waters, 1874-1974--Andrew McTaggart
The Role of Spectra in Ocean Wave Physics--David Irvine
Submersibles in Oceanographic Research--Bruce H. Robinson
8. Fisheries Science and Management
The Uses and Abuses of Scientific Expertise in English Inshore Oyster Fishery, 1860-1910--Gill Parsons
History of Fisheries: Science in Japan--Yoshiaki Matsuda
One Hundred Years of the Sergestid Shrimp Fishing Industry in Suruga Bay: Development of Administration and Social Policy--Makota Omori
Transformation in Fisheries Management: A Study of William C. Herrington--Amy L. Toro
Ocean Food and Energy from California Mariculture: An Evaluation of the US Marine Biomass Project, from 1972-1986--Peter Neuschul and Lawrence Badash
9. Coral Reef Research
Beyond Darwin: Coral Reef Research in the Twentieth Century--Daphne G. Fautin
Caribbean Contributions to Coral Reef Science--Robert A. Kinzie III
From Steady State to Stochastic Systems: The Revolution in Coral Reef Biology--Patricia Mather
Coral Reefs, Science, and Politics: Relationships and Criteria for Decisions over Two Centuries--A French Case History--Bernard Salvat
10. Plate Tectonics
Evolution of the Tectogene Concept, 1930-1965--Alan O. Allwardt
The Accreted Terrane Controversy, or Continental Geologists Strike Back--Homer E. LeGrand and William Glen
Gravity Surveys in the "Permanent" Ocean Basins: An Instrumental Chink in a Theoretical Suit of Armor--Naomi Oreskes
Geological Mapping of the Deep-Ocean off the Hawaiian Islands, Using Sidescan and Swath Sonar Imaging, 1966-1992--J. B. Wilson and W. R. Normark
11. Archival Resources for the History of Oceanography
Resources for the Study of Oceanography at the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography--Deborah Day
Sources for the History of Oceanography at the Smithsonian Institution at the National Archives--Pamela M. Henson
The Stazione Zoologica: A Clearing House for Marine Organisms--Christiane Groeben
Index
